Nothing still accurately represents the Wall's original appearance better than a very short stretch at Bernauer Straße associated with the Berlin Wall Documentation Center.
It was under the constant surveillance of armed East German border guards who were authorised to shoot anyone attempting to escape into West Berlin. The Soviet Union had viewed their zone as a spoil of war. [24] Taking advantage of the zonal border between occupied zones in Germany, the number of GDR citizens moving to West Germany totaled 187,000 in 1950; 165,000 in 1951; 182,000 in 1952; and 331,000 in 1953. One of the most infamous cases of a failed attempt occurred on August 17, 1962. Likewise, Soviet military patrols could enter and exit West Berlin. He was shot and bled to death, in full view of the Western media, on 17 August 1962. [30], Up until 1952, the demarcation lines between East Germany and the western occupied zones could be easily crossed in most places. [6] During this period, over 100,000[5] people attempted to escape, and over 5,000 people succeeded in escaping over the Wall, with an estimated death toll ranging from 136[7] to more than 200[5][8] in and around Berlin. The Germans will guard the line of defence with their lives. The American, British and French sectors would form West Berlin and the Soviet sector became East Berlin. Although an eventual reunification of Germany had been intended, the new relationship between the Allied powers turned Germany into West versus East and democracy versus Communism. August 2008) (in German)", "Everything you need to know about the Berlin Wall", Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung, Familie und Frauen, Statistik Spätaussiedler Dezember 2007, Wiegrefe, Klaus. [111] The surprised and overwhelmed guards made many hectic telephone calls to their superiors about the problem. [46] On Saturday, 12 August 1961, the leaders of the GDR attended a garden party at a government guesthouse in Döllnsee, in a wooded area to the north of East Berlin. Three long sections are still standing: an 80-metre-long (260 ft) piece of the first (westernmost) wall at the Topography of Terror, site of the former Gestapo headquarters, halfway between Checkpoint Charlie and Potsdamer Platz; a longer section of the second (easternmost) wall along the Spree River near the Oberbaumbrücke, nicknamed East Side Gallery; and a third section that is partly reconstructed, in the north at Bernauer Straße, which was turned into a memorial in 1999. [65] Maintenance was performed on the outside of the wall by personnel who accessed the area outside it either via ladders or via hidden doors within the wall. There, Ulbricht signed the order to close the border and erect a wall. [68] Some lines were cut in half; many stations were shut down. [123], A 2009 poll conducted by Russia's VTsIOM, found that more than half of all Russians do not know who built the Berlin Wall. At the end of World War II, the Allied powers divided conquered Germany into four zones. No wall can permanently withstand the desire for freedom", proclaimed President Wulff.[126][127][128][129]. [106], The East German government responded by disallowing any further travel to Hungary, but allowed those already there to return to East Germany. ", "David Bowie death triggers tributes from Iggy Pop, Madonna—even the Vatican and the German government". From this barbed wire barricade, the Wall would eventually develop into a fortified concrete structure encircling West Berlin and isolating it from the surrounding East German territory.
Tourists crossing from the west had to also pay for a visa, which cost DM 5; West Berliners did not have to pay this fee.

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