The temperature scale on which the zero point is –273.15°C was suggested by Lord Kelvin, and is usually known as the Kelvin scale. The most remarkable property of gases, however, is that to a very good approximation, they all behave the same way in response to changes in temperature and pressure, expanding or contracting by predictable amounts. The column of air above us exerts a force on each 1-cm2 of surface equivalent to a weight of about 1034 g. The higher into the air you go, the lower the mass of air above you, hence the lower the pressure (right). When two gases are mixed, particles of one gas can effortlessly pass through the intermolecular space of the other gas. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The fact that we live at the bottom of a sea of air was most spectacularly demonstrated in 1654, when two teams of eight horses were unable to pull apart two 14-inch copper hemispheres (the "Magdeburg hemispheres") which had been joined together and then evacuated with Guericke's newly-invented vacuum pump.

•   Particles of matter  in the gas phase are  spaced far apart  from one another and  move rapidly  and  collide  with each other often. It acquires the shape of the container.

When thermal equilibrium is obtained, the temperature of the thermometer is the same as the temperature of the object.

Gases also contract and expand by predictable amounts depending upon changes in temperature and pressure. Make sure you thoroughly understand the following essential ideas: The invention of the sensitive balance in the early seventeenth century showed once and for all that gases have weight and are therefore matter. Since the size of the Kelvin and Celsius degrees are the same, conversion between the two scales is a simple matter of adding or subtracting 273.15; thus room temperature, 20°, is about 293 K. Because the Kelvin scale is based on an absolute, rather than on an arbitrary zero of temperature, it plays a special significance in scientific calculations; most fundamental physical relations involving temperature are expressed mathematically in terms of absolute temperature. In the closed-tube unit shown at the left, the longer limb of the J-tube is evacuated by filling it with mercury and then inverting it. This autonomy of movement of gaseous molecules is because of the very weak … Gases have no definite shape or volume.The random movement of gas molecules allows them to expand or contract to assume the volume of the container holding them. We will see later that each of these three By the exertion of pressure, much of this space can be diminished and the particles are brought closer. Given the large amounts of space between gas molecules, two or more gases can mix quickly and easily with one another to form a homogeneous mixture.

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