Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) In a diode formed from a direct band-gap semiconductor, such as gallium arsenide, carriers that cross the junction emit photons when they recombine with the majority carrier on the other side. �F/R %PDF-1.4 %���� redistribute this material, requesters must process their own requests via the RightsLink permission �7��fI�[�fʾt*�oQ���������NE[0�WuQ)IYM��1��N^��vyE���N&��� �#g��*L�CV��o;�vy���a�$���;M�&�Є�Ej�#S��� endstream endobj 729 0 obj<>/Size 720/Type/XRef>>stream OPTI 500 DEF, Spring 2012, Lecture 3 1/22 Sources I: Semiconductor Lasers and Light Emitting Diodes . ���M���♎00Mjx�,���ɑ�͂����t�l�u Y�0,`j�b���Aځ辍2��j����G� f@Z���o*(�X�3���������4� L}*s`��X�6�@�` �V�� LECTURE NOTES ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION (15A04701) ... For fiber optic system, a laser diode (LD) or a light emitting diode (LED) is used. Lecture-11 Rate equations for Lasers; Lecture-12 Various types of Lasers; Module-9 Photo Detectors. Light-emitting diodes •As current flows though an LED, electrons “drop” into holes inside the depleted region –Energy released in the form of photons –In “normal” diodes these photons are in the infrared •LEDs are designed such that visible photons are emitted –Commonly used as visual indicator that current is flowing
iG��%��)��3R���I�����^�O=R�67���I �Q�D�8 �Q7��K��e�� ]�)n�����3�4:�fs�>�m�&���-ܜ�F���W� X&�3 Hence the LED allows the flow of current in the forward direction and blocks the current in the reverse direction. and . 0000012973 00000 n [���?���P]���Ҝ��{�N|�E܇ߖݻ��yi>�6�!��s^-�Ei����oW�Z�Y���1�R\���(.7�Fv��YݵK���B�oߗ�-�*]T����������x~35��R��_b���7^�GN)�� %���F��e�>�CY�:d��X?��zob���7K�RZl�N�"/~~>o��+�S/u��~J>��Nv>��< 0000001637 00000 n x�bbb�g`b```%F�8w4F�|���Qb4�� 0 A�� <> The energy-saving potential of OLEDs is similar to that of LEDs, but the two technologies differ in a number of ways. This transformation has been driven by energy efficiency and total replacement of legacy technologies such as low-pressure sodium and high-pressure sodium lamps.

Sections 1–10 include experimental sections, additional figures, and notes (PDF). %%EOF %����

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When carriers are injected across a forward-biased junction, it emits incoherent light. The American Chemical Society holds a copyright ownership interest in any copyrightable Supporting Lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) generally require high power laser excitation. For permission to reproduce, republish and %%EOF

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