Pilots flying in light airplanes which are not fitted with an outside air temperature gauge will be well advised to have one installed as this instrument will warn of temperatures that are conducive to icing conditions. These parameters affect the extent and speed that characterize the formation of ice on an aircraft. To avoid icing problems, here are a few rules to follow: Avoid flight into an area where icing conditions are known to exist.

The airplane flight manual (AFM) defines icing conditions as when the outside air temperature (OAT) on the ground or total air temperature (TAT) in flight is 50 degrees F (10 degrees C) or less and any of the following exist: Icing conditions exist when the air contains droplets of supercooled liquid water; icing conditions are characterized quantitatively by the average droplet size, the liquid water content and the air temperature.
US Dept of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service Alaska Aviation Weather Unit 6930 Sand Lake Road Anchorage, AK 99513 There are two main origins of accidents and serious incidents involving airframe icing: General aviation aircraft that are not equipped with ice protection systems but are flown in icing conditions may encounter enough icing at cruise altitudes to overwhelm the aircraft power reserve, leading to an inability to maintain altitude and/or airspeed. The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) defines known icing conditions as "atmospheric conditions which the formation of ice is observed or detected in flight". If there is a pilot report of icing in an area you are flying through, you are flying into an area of known icing.

So-called SLD, or supercooled large droplet, conditions are those … Icing conditions frequently occur when moist air is forced upward. Federal Aviation Regulationscontain a definition of icing conditions that some aircraft are certified to fly into. Aviation Weather Center Homepage provides comprehensive user-friendly aviation weather Text products and graphics. For ice to form on an aircraft in flight, the air must be cold and contain moisture. Icing envelopes used for the certification of aircraft for flight in icing conditions specify atmospheric icing conditions in terms of altitude, temperature, Liquid Water Content (LWC), and drop size represented by the Median Volume Diameter (MVD). Do not fly through rain showers or wet snow when the temperature is near 0°C… If the air cools to the saturation point (where the temperature equals the dew point), the moisture will condense into clouds or precipitation.
Icing Envelopes. Use extreme caution when flying through a front that may contain freezing rain, freezing drizzle or other hazardous weather conditions. As the air rises, it expands and cools. The main threat for icing conditions occurs during takeoff and landing, as the pilot may need to fly through icing conditions.

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