What constitutes “eco-friendliness” is a more complex question than one might expect at first, and there are certainly environmental criticisms of geothermal energy.

At present, geothermal plants can sometimes release harmful chemicals, such as sulfur dioxide, as well as trace amounts of heavy metals like silica, mercury, arsenic, and boron.
© Copyright 2009-2020 EnergySage, LLC. While the type and degree of digging at present does not pose any serious risk of causing what would be considered serious earthquakes, digging deeply enough beneath the Earth’s surface to access geothermal energy does carry with it the risk of upsetting tectonic plates and causing minor tremors. Unlike geothermal power plants, geothermal heat pumps take advantage of low-temperature geothermal reservoirs which are available just about everywhere. Moreover, the use of geothermal energy does not inherently release the CO2 and greenhouse gasses that fossil fuels do. There are many considerations that come with geothermal power. This is due in part to the fact that it produces a far smaller carbon footprint. Geothermal energy, meanwhile, is only slightly more expensive at $0.10 per kilowatt hour, with wind energy sitting at $0.13 per kilowatt hour.

The underground heat, which is the source of the geothermal energy is generated continuously by the Earth’s inner core that is even hotter than the Sun’s surface. While it is fair to say that geothermal heating may save homeowners significant amounts of money in the long run, in the short-term, it can be costly to set up. However, its carbon footprint is rather tiny in comparison to fossil fuel energy production. If you build a new house you can choose a geothermal system because the excavations will be made along with the construction, but in the case of an older building, installing such a system will require a retrofit of the house and deep excavations. Here are a few to keep in mind: On the pros side, geothermal energy is a reliable source of power that has a small land footprint compared to other renewable sources, and it can be harnessed at both large and small scales. However, some countries have great reservoirs of geothermal energy that are located very close to the surface, while others need to drill deeply (a few miles deep) to reach the underground reservoirs of clean power.
Estimates say that geothermal energy has the potential to generate up to 2 TW of clean electricity every year, but to be able to harvest the entire potential of this power source we need more investments in the field.

Dudley, D. (2019).

Between anxieties over “peak oil” and of the ecological harm that oil and carbon emissions have on our environment as part of the broader climate change issue, the oil industry’s best days are very possibly behind it. This has many positive implications, notably that geothermal power is an appropriate source for meeting baseload energy demand.

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