(53), - Representation of numbers should be directly proportional to the numerical quantities represented, "Deception results from the incorrect extrapolation of visual expectation generated at one place on the graphic to other places." The following are all Edward Tufte’s principles of Graphical Integrity, except? The Visual Display of Quantitative Information Edward R. Tufte. (38), 2. 2. This book was some kind of structural break in the history of data visualization. Ideally, you could have one graphic or place on your web-site that allows access to a huge data-base. "Layering of data often achieve by felicitous subtraction of weight, enhances representation of both data dimensionality and density on flatland". More specifically, the ratio is described as: This quantity is also the same as 1 - the proportion of a graphic that can be erased without loss of data information. Graphical Integrity Graphical Integrity integrity the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness: he is known to be a man of integrity. Another very detailed and illustrated graphic, according to Tufte, is the "Thermal Conductivity of Copper," which represents the convergence of data on a uniform dependence of thermal conductivity on temperature. This portion of the design component facilitates extreme detail but also coverage on a macroscopic scale at the same time. Edward Tufte is the author of the book "The Visual Display of Quantitative Information" which is considered as the most important book on data visualization. 1. #Multifunctioning Graphical Elements 9. Sparklines are datawords: data-intense, design-simple, word-sized graphics. In the dataviz realm, this is some kind of fundamental book. Tufte poses the question here of what do with representing three dimensional data using two dimensional spaces. As Paul Klee writes, "It is not easy to arrive at a conception of a whole which is constructed from parts belonging to different dimensions. * Dot-dash plot combines the two fundamental graphical designs used in statistical analysis, the marginal frequency distribution and the bivariate distribution, * More information per unit space (increases in efficiency) Tufte believes that graphics are more useful than tables because they visually represent the data in a clear and comprehensible form. Place the data is an appropriate context for assessing cause and effect Finding the right number requires as much specialized skill – statistical skill – and hard work as creating a beautiful design or covering complex news story" (80), Consequences of thinking that graphics are only for the unsophisticated reader, - "No one can write decently who is distrustful of the reader's intelligence or whose attitude is patronizing."

The "shrink principle" (167) – states that graphics can be reduced by more than a factor of two and still be legible

Tufte praised this concept in graphic design by exclaiming: "Such designs can report immense detail, organizing complexity through multiple and often hierarchical layers of contextual reading". 2. - Graphics must never quote data out of context, See this graphical image which gives sample contexts for the information you need to display: Periodic Table of Visuals, Source of Graphic Integrity and Sophistication, - The trick is to present statistics as a visual idea rather than a tedious parade of numbers (46). Sometimes it’s better to make the coordinate labels into the actual data points themselves. 2. Integration and separation of information is beneficial because it facilitates integrated content and separation of different uncluttered paths in looking over the data (159), 1. Magic helps us to understand what not to do when design scientific presentations, precisely because it involves illusion, trickery, and deception, * Illusions are a form of disinformation design

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