And other outbreaks of cholera would emerge in various locations, but the epidemic of 1832 was always remembered as, to quote Philip Hone, the "cholera times.". 1852-1860 - The third pandemic of cholera. During the second pandemic, the scientific community varied in its beliefs about the causes of cholera. Shortly after being elected President, he was presented with a Bible by a delegation of ladies from Frankfort, Kentucky. While the exact cause of cholera would not be determined for decades, it was clear that cities needed to have clean sources of water. [10][21][22][23] In 1851, a ship coming from Cuba carried the disease to Gran Canaria,[24] killing up to 6,000 people. During Napoleon's retreat from Moscow in 1812, more French soldiers died of typhus than were killed by the Russians. Plague of Pharaoh Akhenaten of Egypt, circa 1350 BC; Philistine Plague after capturing the Ark of God (I Samuel 5-6); Plague of Athens, circa 430 BC, 100,000 deaths; Plague of Antonine, 165 AD, brought back by troops from the Middle East, 5 million deaths; Plague of Justinian, beginning in 541 AD, killing an estimated 100 million, half of the world's known population; Black Death-Bubonic Plague, beginning in 1334, killed an estimated 75 to 200 million; Cocoliztli Plague in Mexico, beginning in 1545, 15 million deaths; Plagues of London, 1563, 1592, 1603, and Great Plague of 1665, which killed 100,000, a fifth of London’s population; New England, 1616, 1633, 1713, 1721, 1732, 1747, 1788, thousands of deaths in Boston, spreading in crowded cities, and decimating native Indian populations, symptoms indicate possibly yellow fever, bubonic plague, influenza, smallpox, measles, chickenpox, typhus; 1793, Yellow Fever, 5,000 deaths in Philadelphia, followed by 25 different outbreaks across the country over the next century, possibly brought by slaves or merchants from Africa or Caribbean and spread by mosquitos; 1832, 1848, 1866, Cholera, millions worldwide; 1858, Scarlet Fever, over 20,000, mostly children; 1865-1906, Typhoid, over 100,000 during Civil War and Spanish America War; 1890-1900, Tuberculosis, 100,000 deaths a year; 1921, Diphtheria, 200,000 cases a year through the 1920s; 1916-1952, Polio, peaking with 60,000 children infected in 1952, hundreds of thousands of paralytic cases worldwide; 1957, Asian Flu, 2 million deaths worldwide; 1968, Hong Kong Flu, 1 million deaths worldwide; 1960-present, AIDS, 30 million deaths worldwide, particularly Africa.
[22] In 1866, localized epidemics occurred in the East End of London,[9][10] in southern Wales, and Amsterdam. Cholera ravaged the Tennessee towns of Gallatin, Murfreesboro, Clarksville, Shelbyville, Franklin, Pulaski and McMinnville. This was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. It would not be until the late 19th century that scientists knew for certain that cholera was caused by a bacillus carried in water and that proper sanitation could prevent the spread of the deadly disease. [36] In the United States, epidemics occurred in Baltimore, Memphis and Washington DC between 1865 and 1873, and during the US Civil War. A "republic" is where the people are king ruling through representatives. credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. In Zimbabwe, deteriorating political conditions have also affected the social system and cholera is becoming endemic even in the nation's capital, Harare, where modern sanitation formerly helped prevent cholera. It isn't until 1883 that German microbiologist Robert Koch independently rediscovers the bacterium and gains worldwide credit for it for many years to come.
doi:10.1097/PHH.0b013e318252eea8, spread of European empires and the development of new forms of transport, "The history of vaccines and immunization: familiar patterns, new challenges", "Osservazioni microscopiche e deduzioni patologiche sul cholera asiatico", "How Epidemics Helped Shape the Modern Metropolis", "The 1832 Cholera Epidemic in New York State: 19th Century Responses to Cholerae Vibrio (part 2)", Vibrio cholerae in recreational beach waters and tributaries of Southern California, http://coloquioscanariasamerica.casadecolon.com/index.php/CHCA/article/viewFile/9072/8523, Kaoru Sugihara, Peter Robb, Haruka Yanagisawa, Local Agrarian Societies in Colonial India: Japanese Perspectives, Eastern European Plagues and Epidemics 1300-1918, Vibrio Cholerae and Cholera - The History and Global Impact, "M993X.5.1529.1 | The government inspector's office", "Gibraltar's 1804 Yellow Fever Scourge: The Search for Scapegoats", Infectious Diseases: Plague Through History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diseases_and_epidemics_of_the_19th_century&oldid=970469516, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 July 2020, at 13:45.

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